{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 🗣 Speech to Text! 🚀  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "import time\n",
    "from pprint import pprint"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "transcript_id = '6rt9asyawc-41d5-4434-a708-f4abe8c2996a'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "BASE_URL = \"https://api.assemblyai.com/v2/transcript\"\n",
    "audio_url = 'https://tinyurl.com/QuantumTheoryMP3'\n",
    "\n",
    "# You can get free API key from assemblyAI's website\n",
    "headers = {\n",
    "    'authorization': 'your_api_key', \n",
    "    'content-type': 'application/json'\n",
    "}\n",
    "request_body = {'audio_url': audio_url}\n",
    "\n",
    "resonse = requests.post(BASE_URL, json=request_body, headers=headers)\n",
    "transcript_id = resonse.json().get('id')\n",
    "print(f'{transcript_id = }')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "processing\n",
      "processing\n",
      "processing\n",
      "completed\n",
      "('The following is a selection from the Nobel lecture the Genesis and Present '\n",
      " 'State of Development of the Quantum Theory by Max Planck, presented by '\n",
      " 'Listen to Genius.com, narrated by Michael Pritchard. When I look back to the '\n",
      " 'time already 20 years ago when the concept and magnitude of the physical of '\n",
      " 'action began for the first time to unfold from the mass of experimental '\n",
      " 'facts and again to the long and ever tortuous path which led finally to its '\n",
      " 'disclosure. The whole development seems to me to provide a fresh '\n",
      " 'illustration of the long since proved saying of Guertas that man ers as long '\n",
      " 'as he strives. And the whole strenuous intellectual work of an industrious '\n",
      " 'research worker would appear, after all, in vain and hopeless if he were not '\n",
      " 'occasionally, through some striking facts, to find that he had, at the end '\n",
      " 'of all his crisscross journeys, at last accomplished at least one step which '\n",
      " 'was conclusively nearer the truth. An indispensable hypothesis, even though '\n",
      " 'still far from being a guarantee of success, is, however, the pursuit of a '\n",
      " 'specific aim whose lighted beacon, even by initial failures, is not '\n",
      " 'betrayed. For many years such an aim for me was to find the solution to the '\n",
      " 'problem of the distribution of energy in the normal spectrum of radiating '\n",
      " 'heat. Since Gustav Kirkhoff has shown that the state of the heat radiation, '\n",
      " 'which takes place in a cavity bounded by any emitting and absorbing '\n",
      " 'substances of uniform temperature, is entirely independent upon the nature '\n",
      " 'of the substances. A universal function was demonstrated which was dependent '\n",
      " 'only upon temperature and wavelength, but in no way upon the properties of '\n",
      " 'any substance. And the discovery of this remarkable function promised deeper '\n",
      " 'insight into the connection between energy and temperature, which is in fact '\n",
      " 'the major problem in thermodynamics and thus in the whole of molecular '\n",
      " 'physics. To attain this, there was no other way but to seek out from all the '\n",
      " 'different substances existing in nature, one of known emissive and '\n",
      " 'absorptive power, and to calculate the properties of the heat radiation in '\n",
      " \"stationary energy, exchange with it. According to Kirkhoff's Law, this would \"\n",
      " \"have to prove independent of the nature of the body. Heinrich Hertz's linear \"\n",
      " 'oscillator, whose laws of emission for a given frequency Hertz had just '\n",
      " 'previously completely developed, seemed to me to be a particularly suitable '\n",
      " 'device for this purpose. If a number of such Hertzian oscillators are set up '\n",
      " 'within a cavity, surrounded by a sphere of reflecting walls, then by analogy '\n",
      " 'with audio oscillators and resonators energy will be exchanged between them '\n",
      " 'by the output and absorption of electromagnetic waves. And finally, '\n",
      " \"stationary radiation corresponding to Kirkhoff's Law, the so called black \"\n",
      " 'body radiation, should be set up within the cavity. I was filled at that '\n",
      " 'time with what would be thought today naively, charming and agreeable '\n",
      " 'expectations that the laws of classical electrodynamics would, if approached '\n",
      " 'in a sufficiently general manner with the avoidance of special hypotheses, '\n",
      " 'be sufficient to enable us to grasp the most significant part of the process '\n",
      " 'to be expected and thus to achieve the desired aim. I therefore developed '\n",
      " 'first the laws of emission and absorption of a linear resonator on the most '\n",
      " 'general basis. In Fact, I Proceeded On Such A Detour, which Could Well Have '\n",
      " 'Been Avoided had I Made Use Of The Existing Electron Theory Of H. A. Lorentz '\n",
      " 'Already Basically Complete. But since I did not quite trust the electron '\n",
      " 'hypothesis, I preferred to observe that energy which flowed in and out '\n",
      " 'through an enclosing spherical surface around the resonator at a suitable '\n",
      " 'distance from it. By this method, only processes in a pure vacuum came into '\n",
      " 'account, but a knowledge of these was sufficient to draw the necessary '\n",
      " 'conditions. However, about the energy exchanges in the resonator the fruit '\n",
      " 'of this long series of investigations, of which some, by comparison with '\n",
      " 'existing observations, mainly the vapor measurements by Vbjness, were '\n",
      " 'susceptible to checking and were thereby confirmed, was the establishment of '\n",
      " 'the general connection between the energy of a resonator of specific natural '\n",
      " 'period of vibration and the energy radiation of the corresponding spectral '\n",
      " 'region in the surrounding field under conditions of stationary energy '\n",
      " 'exchange. The noteworthy result was found that this connection was in no way '\n",
      " 'dependent upon the nature of the resonator, particularly its attenuation '\n",
      " 'constants, a circumstance which I welcomed happily, since the whole problem '\n",
      " 'thus became simpler. For instead of the energy of radiation, the energy of '\n",
      " 'the resonator could be taken, and thereby a complex system composed of many '\n",
      " 'degrees of freedom could be replaced by a simple system of one degree of '\n",
      " 'freedom. Nevertheless, the result meant no more than a preparatory step '\n",
      " 'towards the initial onslaught on the particular problem, which now towered '\n",
      " 'with all its fearsome height even steeper before me. The first attempt upon '\n",
      " 'it went wrong. For my original secret hope that the radiation emitted from '\n",
      " 'the resonator can be in some characteristic way or other distinguished from '\n",
      " 'the absorbed radiation and thereby allow a differential equation to be set '\n",
      " 'up from the integration of which one could gain some special condition for '\n",
      " 'the properties of stationary radiation. Proved false. The resonator reacted '\n",
      " 'only to those rays which it also emitted and was not in the slightest bit '\n",
      " 'sensitive to the adjacent spectral regions. Furthermore, my hypothesis that '\n",
      " 'the resonator could exercise a unilateral that his irreversible effect upon '\n",
      " 'the energy in the surrounding radiation field was strongly contested by '\n",
      " 'Ludwig Boltzman, who, with his riper experience in these problems, proved '\n",
      " 'that, according to the Laws Of Classical Dynamics. Each of the processes '\n",
      " 'observed by me can proceed in exactly the opposite direction in such a way '\n",
      " 'that a spherical wave emitted from the resonator returns and contracts. '\n",
      " 'Insteadly, diminishing, concentric spherical surfaces inwards. To the '\n",
      " 'resonator and is again absorbed by it, thereby allowing the formerly '\n",
      " 'absorbed energy to be retransmitted into space in the direction from which '\n",
      " 'it came. And when I excluded this kind of singular process, such as an '\n",
      " 'inwardly directed wave by means of the introduction of a limiting definition '\n",
      " 'the hypothesis of natural radiation. All these analyses still showed ever '\n",
      " 'more clearly that an important connecting element or term essential for the '\n",
      " 'complete grasp of the core of the problem must be missing. So there was '\n",
      " 'nothing left for me but to tackle the problem from the opposite side, that '\n",
      " 'of thermodynamics in which field I felt, moreover, more confident. In fact, '\n",
      " 'my earlier studies of the second law of heat theory stood me in good stead, '\n",
      " 'so that from the start, I tried to get a connection not between the '\n",
      " 'temperature, but rather the entropy of the resonator and its energy. And in '\n",
      " 'fact, not its entropy exactly, but the second derivative with respect to the '\n",
      " 'energy. Since this has a direct physical meaning for the irreversibility of '\n",
      " 'the energy exchange between resonator and radiation. Since. I was, however, '\n",
      " 'at that time still too far oriented towards the phenomenological aspect to '\n",
      " 'come to closer quarters with the connection between entropy and probability, '\n",
      " 'I saw myself at first relying solely upon the existing results of '\n",
      " 'experience. In the foreground of interest at that time, in 1899, was the '\n",
      " 'Energy Distribution Law established by W V. Shortly before this law brought '\n",
      " 'out the dependence of the radiation intensity on the temperature, '\n",
      " 'representing it by an exponential function. If one calculates the connection '\n",
      " 'between the entropy and the energy of a resonator determined by the above '\n",
      " 'law, the remarkable result is obtained that the reciprocal value of the '\n",
      " 'abovementioned differential coefficient, which I will call r, is '\n",
      " 'proportional to the energy. This extremely simple relationship can be '\n",
      " \"considered as the completely adequate expression of veen's energy \"\n",
      " 'distribution. Law. For with the dependence upon energy. The dependence upon '\n",
      " 'the wavelength is always directly given through the General Wellestablished '\n",
      " 'displacement law by veen. Since the whole problem concerned a universal law '\n",
      " 'of nature and since at that time, as till today I held the unshakable '\n",
      " 'opinion that the simpler the presentation of a particular law of nature, the '\n",
      " 'more general it is though at the same time which formula to take as the '\n",
      " 'simpler is a problem which cannot always be confidently and finally decided. '\n",
      " 'I believed for a long time that the law that the quantity R is proportional '\n",
      " 'to the energy should be looked upon as the basis for the whole energy '\n",
      " 'distribution law. This concept could not be maintained for long in the face '\n",
      " 'of fresh measurements whilst for small values of the energy and for short '\n",
      " \"waves veen's law was satisfactorily confirmed. Noteworthy deviations for \"\n",
      " 'larger wavelengths were found first by O. Loomer and E. Pringsheim and '\n",
      " 'finally by H. Rubens and F. Kerlbaum, whose measurements on the infrared '\n",
      " 'residual rays of fluoride and rock salt revealed a totally different, though '\n",
      " 'still extremely simple relationship characterized by the fact that the '\n",
      " 'quantity R is not proportional to the energy, but to the square of the '\n",
      " 'energy. And in fact, this holds with increasing accuracy for greater '\n",
      " 'energies and wavelengths. So through direct experiment, two simple limits '\n",
      " 'were determined for the function r for small energies proportionality with '\n",
      " 'the energy. For greater energies proportionality with the square of the '\n",
      " 'energy. There was no better alternative but to make for the general case the '\n",
      " 'quantity R equal to the sum of two terms, one of the first power and one of '\n",
      " 'the second power of the energy. So that for small energies the first is '\n",
      " 'predominant, whilst for the greater energies the second is dominant. Thus '\n",
      " 'the new radiation formula was found which, in the face of its experimental '\n",
      " 'proof, has stood firm to a reasonable extent. Until now. Even today, '\n",
      " 'admittedly, we cannot talk of final exact confirmation. In fact, a fresh '\n",
      " 'attempt at proof is urgently required. However, even if the radiation '\n",
      " 'formula should prove itself to be absolutely accurate, it would still only '\n",
      " 'have within the significance of a happily chosen interpolation formula, a '\n",
      " 'strictly limited value. For this reason I busied myself from then on, that '\n",
      " 'is, from the day of its establishment with the task of elucidating a true '\n",
      " 'physical character for the formula. And this problem led me automatically to '\n",
      " 'a consideration of the connection between entropy and probability. That is '\n",
      " \"boltzman's trend of ideas until after some weeks of the most strenuous work \"\n",
      " 'of my life, light came into the darkness and a new undreamed of perspective '\n",
      " 'opened up before me. I must make a small intercolation at this point. '\n",
      " 'According to Boltzman, entropy is a measure for physical probability. And '\n",
      " 'the nature and essence of the Second Law Of Heat theory is that in nature, a '\n",
      " 'state Occurs More frequently, the More probable it Is. Now, one always '\n",
      " 'measures in nature the difference in entropies, never the entropy itself. '\n",
      " 'And to this extent, one cannot speak of the absolute entropy of a state '\n",
      " 'without a certain arbitrariness. Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce the '\n",
      " 'suitably defined absolute value of entropy. Namely for the reason that, with '\n",
      " 'its help, certain general laws can be particularly easily formulated. The '\n",
      " 'case seems to be parallel, as I see it, with that of energy. Energy itself '\n",
      " 'cannot be measured. Only its difference. For that reason. One used to deal '\n",
      " 'not with energy, but with work. And even Ernst Mock, who had so much to do '\n",
      " 'with the law of conservation of energy, and who, in principle, kept away '\n",
      " 'from all speculations beyond the field of observation, has always avoided '\n",
      " 'speaking of energy itself. Likewise, in thermochemistry one has always stuck '\n",
      " 'to the thermal effect, that is, to energy differences. Until Wilhelm Ostwald '\n",
      " 'in particular, emphatically showed that many detailed considerations could '\n",
      " 'be significantly abbreviated if one dealt with energy itself instead of with '\n",
      " 'calorimetric numbers. The additive constant, which was at first still '\n",
      " 'undetermined in the expression for energy, has later been finally determined '\n",
      " 'through the relativistic law of the proportionality between energy and '\n",
      " 'inertia. In a similar way to that for energy. An absolute value can be '\n",
      " 'defined also for entropy and as a result thereof, for the physical '\n",
      " 'probability too. For example, by so fixing the additive constant, that '\n",
      " 'energy and entropy disappear together. On the basis of a consideration of '\n",
      " 'this kind, a specific, relatively simple, combinatorial method was obtained '\n",
      " 'for the calculation of the physical probability of a specified energy '\n",
      " 'distribution in a system of resonators which led exactly to that entropy '\n",
      " 'expression determined by the radiation law. And it brought me much valued '\n",
      " 'satisfaction for the many disappointments when Ludwig Boltzman, in the '\n",
      " 'letter returning my essay, expressed his interest and basic agreement with '\n",
      " 'the train of thoughts expounded in it. For the numerical treatment of the '\n",
      " 'indicated consideration of probability, knowledge of two universal constants '\n",
      " 'is required, both of which have an independent physical meaning and whose '\n",
      " 'subsequent evaluation from the law of radiation must provide proof as to '\n",
      " 'whether the whole method is to be looked upon as a mere artifice for '\n",
      " 'calculation or whether it has an inherent real physical sense and '\n",
      " 'interpretation. The first constant is of a more formal nature and is '\n",
      " 'connected with the definition of temperature. If temperature were to be '\n",
      " 'defined as the average kinetic energy of a molecule in an ideal gas, that '\n",
      " 'is, as a tiny little quantity, then the constant would have the value two '\n",
      " 'thirds. In conventional temperature measure. On the contrary, the constant '\n",
      " 'has an extremely small value which stands naturally in close association '\n",
      " 'with the energy of a single molecule and an exact knowledge of which leads '\n",
      " 'therefore to the calculation of the mass of a molecule and those parameters '\n",
      " \"related to it. This constant is often referred to as Boltzman's constant, \"\n",
      " 'although, to my knowledge, Boltzman himself never introduced it. A peculiar '\n",
      " 'state of affairs, which can be explained by the fact that Boltzman, as '\n",
      " 'appears from his occasional utterances, never gave thought to the '\n",
      " 'possibility of carrying out an exact measurement of the constant. Nothing '\n",
      " 'can better illustrate the positive and hectic pace of progress which the art '\n",
      " 'of experimenters has made over the past 20 years than the fact that since '\n",
      " 'that time, not only one, but a great number of methods have been discovered '\n",
      " 'for measuring the mass of a molecule with practically the same accuracy as '\n",
      " 'that attained for a planet. The explanation of the second universal constant '\n",
      " 'of the radiation law was not easy because it represents the product of '\n",
      " 'energy and time. I described it as the elementary quantum of action, whilst '\n",
      " 'it was completely indispensable for obtaining the correct expression for '\n",
      " 'entropy, since only with its help could the magnitude of the elementary '\n",
      " 'regions or free rooms for action of the probability decisive for the '\n",
      " 'assigned probability consideration. Be determined. It proved elusive and '\n",
      " 'resistant to all efforts to fit it into the framework of classical theory. '\n",
      " 'As long as it was looked upon as infinitely small, that is, for large '\n",
      " 'energies or long periods of time, everything went well. But In The General '\n",
      " 'Case, however, a Gap Yawned Open in Some Place Or Other which Was The More '\n",
      " 'striking the weaker and faster the vibrations that were considered the '\n",
      " 'foundering of all efforts to bridge the chasm soon left little doubt. Either '\n",
      " 'the quantum of action was a fictional quantity, then the whole deduction of '\n",
      " 'the Radiation Law was in the main illusory and represented nothing more than '\n",
      " 'an empty, non significant play on formulae. Or the derivation of the '\n",
      " 'Radiation Law was based on a sound physical conception. In this case, the '\n",
      " 'quantum of action must play a fundamental role in physics. And here was '\n",
      " 'something entirely new never before heard of, which seemed called upon to '\n",
      " 'basically revise all our physical thinking. Built as this was since the '\n",
      " 'establishment of the infinitesimal calculus by Leibniz and Newton upon the '\n",
      " 'acceptance of the continuity of all causative connections, experiment has '\n",
      " 'decided for the second alternative that the decision could be made so soon. '\n",
      " 'And so definitely was due not to the proving of the energy distribution law '\n",
      " 'of heat radiation, still less to the special derivation of that law devised '\n",
      " 'by me, but rather, should it be attributed to the restless, forward '\n",
      " 'thrusting work of those research workers who used the quantum of action to '\n",
      " 'help them in their own investigations and experiments? The first impact in '\n",
      " 'this field was made by Einstein, who, on the one hand, pointed out that the '\n",
      " 'introduction of the energy quanta determined by the Quantum of Action '\n",
      " 'appeared suitable for obtaining a simple explanation for a series. Of '\n",
      " 'noteworthy observations during the action of light such as stokes law, '\n",
      " 'electron emission, and gas ionization, and, on the other hand, derived a '\n",
      " 'formula for the specific heat of a solid body through the identification of '\n",
      " 'the expression for the energy of a system of resonators with that of the '\n",
      " 'energy of a solid body. And this formula expresses, more or less correctly, '\n",
      " 'the changes in specific heat, particularly its reduction with falling '\n",
      " 'temperature. The result was the emergence in all directions of a number of '\n",
      " 'problems whose more accurate and extensive elaboration in the course of time '\n",
      " 'brought to light a mass of valuable material. I cannot give here even an '\n",
      " 'approximate report on the abundance of the work carried out. To be sure, the '\n",
      " 'introduction of the quantum of action has not yet produced a genuine quantum '\n",
      " 'theory. In fact, the path the research worker must yet tread to. It is not '\n",
      " 'less than that from the discovery of the velocity of light by Olaf Roemer to '\n",
      " \"the establishment of Maxwell's theory of light, the difficulties which the \"\n",
      " 'introduction of the quantum of action into the well tried classical theory '\n",
      " 'has posed right from the start have already been mentioned by me. During the '\n",
      " 'course of the years they have increased rather than diminished. And if in '\n",
      " 'the meantime the impetuous forward driving research has passed to the order '\n",
      " 'of the day for some of these temporarily, the gaps left behind awaiting '\n",
      " 'subsequent filling, react even harder upon the conscientious '\n",
      " \"systematologist. What serves in Bohr's theory as a basis to build up the \"\n",
      " 'laws of action is assembled out of specific hypotheses, which, up to a '\n",
      " 'generation ago, would undoubtedly have been flatly rejected altogether by '\n",
      " 'every physicist. The fact that in the atom certain quite definite quantum '\n",
      " 'selected orbits play a special role might be taken still as acceptable. Less '\n",
      " 'easily, however, that the electrons circulating in these orbits with '\n",
      " 'definite acceleration. Radiate no energy at all. The fact that the quite '\n",
      " 'sharply defined frequency of an emitted photon should be different from the '\n",
      " 'frequency of the emitting electron must seem to a theoretical physicist '\n",
      " 'brought up in the classical school at first sight to be a monstrous and for '\n",
      " 'the purpose of a mental picture, a practically intolerable demand. But '\n",
      " 'numbers decide. And the result is that the roles, compared with earlier '\n",
      " 'times, have gradually changed. What initially was a problem of fitting a new '\n",
      " 'and strange element with more or less gentle pressure into what was '\n",
      " 'generally regarded as a fixed frame has become a question of coping with an '\n",
      " 'intruder who, after appropriating an assured place, has gone over to the '\n",
      " 'offensive. And today it has become obvious that the old framework must '\n",
      " 'somehow or other be burst asunder it is merely a question of where and to '\n",
      " 'what degree. If 1 may make a conjecture about the expected escape from this '\n",
      " 'tight corner, then one could remark that all the signs suggest that the main '\n",
      " 'principles of thermodynamics from the classical theory will not only rule '\n",
      " 'unchallenged, but will more probably become correspondingly extended. What '\n",
      " 'the armchair experiments meant for the foundation of classical '\n",
      " 'thermodynamics. The adiabatic hypothesis of P erinfest means provisionally '\n",
      " 'to the quantum theory and in the same way as arclausius, as a starting point '\n",
      " 'for the measurement of entropy, introduced the principle that when treated '\n",
      " 'appropriately, any two states of a material system can, by a reversible '\n",
      " 'process, undergo a transition from one to the other. Now the new ideas of '\n",
      " 'Boers open up a very similar path into the interior of a wonderland hitherto '\n",
      " 'hidden from him. There is, in particular, one problem whose exhaustive '\n",
      " 'solution could provide considerable elucidation. What becomes of the energy '\n",
      " 'of a photon after complete emission? Does it spread out in all directions '\n",
      " \"with further propagation in the sense of haygen's wave theory so constantly \"\n",
      " 'taking up more space in boundless progressive attenuation. Or does it fly '\n",
      " \"out like a projectile in one direction? In the sense of Newton's emanation \"\n",
      " 'theory? In the first case, the quantum would no longer be in the position to '\n",
      " 'concentrate energy upon a single point in space in such a way as to release '\n",
      " 'an electron from its atomic bond. And in the second case, the main triumph '\n",
      " 'of the Maxwell theory the continuity between the static and the dynamic '\n",
      " 'fields and with it, the complete understanding we have enjoyed until now of '\n",
      " 'the fully investigated interference. Phenomena would have to be sacrificed, '\n",
      " \"both being very unhappy consequences for today's theoreticians. Be that as \"\n",
      " 'it may in any case no doubt can arise that science will master the dilemma, '\n",
      " 'serious as it is and that which appears today so unsatisfactory will in fact '\n",
      " 'eventually seen from a higher vantage point be distinguished by its special '\n",
      " 'harmony and simplicity. Until this aim is achieved the problem for the '\n",
      " 'quantum of action will not cease to inspire research and fructify it and the '\n",
      " 'greater the difficulties which oppose its solution the more significant it '\n",
      " 'finally will show itself to be for the broadening and deepening of our whole '\n",
      " 'knowledge in physics. This is Michael Pritchard for listentogenius.com. '\n",
      " 'Thank you for listening. This audio program is copyrighted by Redwood '\n",
      " 'Audiobooks permission is granted to download for personal use only. Not for '\n",
      " 'distribution or commercial use.')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "url = f\"{BASE_URL}/{transcript_id}\"\n",
    "\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    polling_response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)\n",
    "    polling_response = polling_response.json()\n",
    "    print(polling_response['status'])\n",
    "    if polling_response['status'] == 'completed':\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    time.sleep(20)\n",
    "    \n",
    "pprint(polling_response['text'])    "
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
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